基于应用场景的微生物组工程化策略

Microbiome engineering strategies in different application scenarios

摘要:

微生物组在工业、农业、环境、健康等多个领域有巨大的应用潜力，如何构建高效稳定的微生物组，并通过工程化将其应用至各个领域是当前研究的重点和难点。总结分析微生物组的构建策略，以促进微生物组在不同场景下的工程化应用。首先根据应用需求将微生物组的应用场景分为封闭系统、半封闭系统和开放系统，然后回顾了在3种系统中已有的微生物组构建策略，特别分析了其特点和局限，最后根据不同系统的特点，结合实际应用的经验反馈，针对性地提出了微生物组的构建策略。在封闭系统中，主要利用“自下而上”的方法合成微生物组，对微生物个体信息要求较高，对微生物组的效率要求较高；在半封闭和开放系统中，同时利用“自上而下”和“自下而上”的方法构建微生物组，对微生物组的稳定性和安全性要求较高。在不同应用场景中，构建微生物组的策略和侧重点不同，应根据实际情况选择合适的策略构建高效的微生物组。

关键词:微生物组;构建策略;封闭系统;开放系统;效率;稳定性

Abstract:

Microbiomes have great application potential in industry, agriculture, environment, health, etc. In practice, it is still difficult to construct efficient and stable microbiomes and utilize the engineered microbiomes in various application fields. To summarize and analyze the construction strategies of microbiomes, thus facilitating the engineering of microbiomes for application in different scenarios. We first classified the application scenarios of microbiomes into closed, semi-closed, and open systems according to the application requirements and then reviewed the existing microbiome construction strategies in the three systems, especially focusing on their characteristics and limitations. Finally, according to the characteristics of different systems and the empirical feedback from practical applications, we proposed the microbiome construction strategies. In the closed system, the microbiome is mainly synthesized by the bottom-up method, which has high requirements for microbial individual information and microbiome efficiency. In semi-closed and open systems, the microbiome is constructed by top-down and bottom-up methods, which require high stability and safety of the microbiome. In diverse application scenarios, the strategies and focuses of constructing microbiomes are different, and appropriate strategies could be chosen to construct efficient microbiomes according to the actual situations.

Key words:microbiome;construction strategies;closed system;open system;efficiency;stability