里氏木霉纤维素酶基因表达与调控

Progress in the cellulase gene expression and regulation in Trichoderma reesei

摘要:

木质纤维素是可再生生物质资源的重要组成部分，其高效生物降解可以为绿色生物制造提供重要的原料保障。里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)是主要的纤维素酶工业生产菌株，其强大的纤维素酶生产能力对木质纤维素的水解糖化过程至关重要。在过去几十年中，研究人员对里氏木霉纤维素酶的表达与调控机制有了比较深入的了解，揭示了其酶系复杂的转录调控网络机制。本文系统综述了里氏木霉纤维素酶基因表达调控的关键环节，包括信号传导、转录调控及染色质重塑等方面的相关研究进展，并对如何通过遗传学改造提升里氏木霉纤维素酶的表达合成进行了总结和讨论。

Abstract:

As an abundant and renewable bioresource, lignocellulose after efficient depolymerization can provide raw materials for green bio-manufacturing. Trichoderma reesei is one of the main industrial producers of cellulases. Its outstanding capability of producing cellulases plays an important role in lignocellulose saccharification. In the past few decades, researchers have gained a preliminary understanding of the mechanisms underlying the induced cellulase gene expression in T.reesei, and revealed a complex regulatory network controlling the biosynthesis of various glycohydrolytic enzymes. Here we systematically review the recent progress in the regulation of cellulase gene expression in T. reeseiregarding signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin remodeling. Furthermore, we review the latest progress in genetic engineering for improving cellulase production based on the understanding of the above regulatory network.