Abstract:Influenza virus continues to pose a threat to global public health and safety, leading to infectious respiratory diseases and causing hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide every year. New strains are evolved through antigenic shift and drift, thereby developing resistance to existing drugs and vaccines. To address this issue and develop novel antiviral drugs, researchers need to explore new antiviral targets. The genetic products of influenza virus are widely modified through phosphorylation by host kinases. The reversible phosphorylation of serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues dynamically regulates the structures, functions, and subcellular localization of viral proteins at different stages of the viral life cycle. In addition, kinases affect a large number of signaling pathways, which influence virus transmission by regulating the host cell environment, thereby establishing critical virus-host relationships. The dependence on host kinases provides a theoretical basis for developing kinase inhibitors as the next generation of anti-influenza virus drugs. To fully utilize this potential, we need to clarify the influenza virus-host kinase interaction network. The focus of this review is to outline the molecular mechanisms by which host kinases regulate different stages, from adsorption to assembly and budding, in the life cycle of influenza virus. Evaluating the contributions of different host kinases and their specific phosphorylation throughout the influenza virus life cycle can provide a comprehensive overview of the virus-host kinase interaction network, which may help reveal potential targets for developing novel antiviral drugs.
