Nowadays，oil-pollution of seawater in the world has severely threatened the security of sea entironment.Bioremediation offers one available option for an oil spill response.The aspects as follows are introduced some evolvement of microbial ecology，including new method of survey of microbial diversity without cultivation，new isolated method and the properties of main hydrocarbon degradated strain.But we have little or no understanding of the vast majority of marine bacteria that remain uncultured，and more efforts should be made to improve current methods for isolating oil-degrading or oil-emulsifying bacteria，not only for assessing the fate and effects of the spilled oil，but also for isolating novel bacteria that would be useful for the petroleum industry.
