非编码sRNA对细菌适应不同环境压力的调控作用

Regulatory effects of non-coding sRNAs on bacterial adaptation to different environmental stresses

摘要:

细菌在复杂多变的环境中生存，需要快速响应温度、pH、渗透压、金属离子浓度等不同环境压力。近年来，非编码小RNA (small RNA, sRNA)被广泛认为是细菌环境适应性调控的关键因子。sRNA的长度通常为40-500 nt，在细菌中普遍存在。它们通常通过碱基互补配对与靶标mRNA相互作用，调控其稳定性或翻译效率，在转录后水平快速实现对外界环境变化的适应。本文综述了sRNA在细菌适应不同环境条件变化中的调控作用的研究进展，对于揭示细菌如何在多变环境中维持生存和致病性机理具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Bacteria survive in complex and dynamic environments by rapidly responding to diverse environmental stresses, including fluctuations in temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and metal ion concentrations. In recent years, non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) have been widely recognized as crucial regulators of bacterial environmental adaptation. sRNAs, typically 40-500 nt in length, are ubiquitous in bacteria. They function primarily through base-pairing interactions with target mRNAs, modulating mRNA stability or translation efficiency to enable rapid adaptation to changing external conditions at the post-transcriptional level. This review summarizes recent research advances in the regulatory roles of sRNAs in bacterial adaptation to varying environmental conditions, thus providing critical insights into the mechanisms by which bacteria maintain survival and pathogenicity in fluctuating environments.