温泉嗜热蓝藻高温适应机制的研究进展

Research advances in the high-temperature adaptation mechanism of thermophilic cyanobacteria in hot springs

摘要:

温泉嗜热蓝藻是一类能在高温环境中生存和繁衍的光合微生物，种类繁多，广泛分布于全球各类温泉生态系统，其耐热机制是研究微生物环境适应性与进化创新的重要模型。本文从基因、生理、种群和群落等多维视角整合研究进展，系统综述温泉嗜热蓝藻的高温适应机制。在高温条件下，温泉嗜热蓝藻通过基因调控、代谢调整、蛋白质热稳定性维持及抗氧化作用等，维持细胞结构和功能稳定，高效进行物质和能量代谢，同时驱动种群适应性进化及群落功能重塑。探索嗜热蓝藻高温适应机制，有助于揭示生命在极端条件下生存的基本原理及蓝藻的进化历史。

Abstract:

Thermophilic cyanobacteria in hot springs are a group of photosynthetic microorganisms capable of surviving and thriving in extreme thermal environments. With extensive species diversity and widespread presence across global hot spring ecosystems. Their high-temperature adaptation mechanisms serve as a critical model for studying microbial environmental adaptation and evolutionary innovation. This paper integrates recent research advances from multiple perspectives, including gene, physiology, population, and community, to systematically elucidate the high-temperature adaptation mechanisms of these organisms. Through gene regulation, metabolic adjustments, maintenance of protein thermostability, and evolution of antioxidant systems, thermophilic cyanobacteria in hot springs maintain cellular structures and functions under extreme heat conditions. These adaptation mechanisms facilitate efficient nutrient and energy metabolism while driving adaptive evolution at the population level and functional restructuring within microbial communities. Investigating the high-temperature adaptation mechanisms of thermophilic cyanobacteria contributes to revealing the fundamental principles of the survival of life under extreme conditions and provides insights into the evolutionary history of cyanobacteria.