微生物Mn(II)氧化蛋白的研究进展

Research progress in microbial Mn(II)-oxidizing proteins

摘要:

微生物在地球Mn(II)氧化过程中占据重要地位。具有Mn(II)氧化能力的微生物涵盖了细菌、真菌和藻类等类别，它们广泛分布在海洋、河流、湖泊、土壤等环境中。从氧化途径上看，微生物可以利用直接氧化(酶促反应)和间接氧化(非酶促反应)两种方式氧化Mn(II)形成锰氧化物。从研究历程上看，Mn(II)直接氧化研究占据了主流地位。目前已鉴定的微生物Mn(II)氧化蛋白主要集中于多铜氧化酶和过氧化物酶两大类，其中多铜氧化酶类的Mn(II)氧化蛋白具有相对保守的铜离子结合基序，而过氧化物酶类的Mn(II)氧化蛋白通常具有血红素结合结构域。虽然当前关于微生物Mn(II)氧化蛋白的信息较为丰富，但总体缺乏系统归纳，本文对这些蛋白的研究进展进行了全面综述。

Abstract:

Microorganisms are of vital significance in the oxidation process of Mn(II) on Earth. Microorganisms with the ability to oxidize Mn(II) include bacteria, fungi, and algae. These organisms are ubiquitous in marine, freshwater, and soil environments. From the viewpoint of oxidation pathways, microorganisms are capable of oxidizing Mn(II) to generate manganese oxides through direct oxidation (enzymatic reaction) and indirect oxidation (non-enzymatic reaction). In comparison with indirect Mn(II) oxidation, direct oxidation has predominantly assumed a central role in this research domain. Known microbial Mn(II)-oxidizing proteins are primarily classified into two categories: multicopper oxidases and peroxidases. Proteins in the multicopper oxidase category exhibit conserved copper-binding motifs, while those in the peroxidase category generally harbor heme-binding domains. Although there is a wealth of information regarding Mn(II)-oxidizing proteins identified in microorganisms, a systematic summary remains lacking. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress in these proteins.