Viral gastroenteritis is an acute infectious disease caused by multiple different viruses. Postbiotics can be used for the prevention and treatment of viral gastroenteritis, and the specific clinical feasibility and treatment strategy remain to be studied. This article reviews the latest research progress in the application and mechanism of postbiotic components in treating gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus and norovirus and discusses the current status and future research directions of postbiotics in inhibiting enteroviruses. This review is conducive to the research on the application of postbiotics in the prevention and treatment of enteroviruses.