生物解聚秸秆木质素的多系统调控：代谢通路、限速挑战与增效策略

Multi-system regulation of biodepolymerized straw lignin: metabolic pathways, rate-limiting challenges, and synergistic strategies

摘要:

我国农作物秸秆产量巨大，木质素是阻碍其高效资源化的关键瓶颈。实现木质素选择性解聚并高值化为酚类化合物，对提升秸秆利用价值、减少环境污染具有重要意义。微生物驱动的生物降解过程因其高效、专一和环境友好特性，成为木质素定向转化酚类化合物的核心策略。本文综述了秸秆木质素生物解聚为酚类化合物的代谢途径，重点剖析了关键微生物及降解酶系的作用机制。探讨了微生物识别并裂解木质素中化学键的降解机制和代谢网络。讨论了生物与物理化学协同策略在提升木质素解聚效率及酚类产物得率方面的优势与发展。总结并展望了秸秆木质素降解所面临的挑战和未来研究方向。

Abstract:

The output of crop straw in China is huge, and lignin is the key bottleneck hindering the efficient utilization of straw resources. The selective depolymerization of lignin and the value-added conversion of lignin into phenols are of great significance for enhancing the utilization value of straw and reducing environmental pollution. Microbial-driven biodegradation processes, characterized by high efficiency, high specificity, and environmental friendliness, have become the core strategy for the targeted conversion of lignin into phenols. This article reviews the metabolic pathways of biodepolymerization of straw lignin into phenols, with a focus on the action mechanisms of key microorganisms and degradation enzyme systems. In addition, this article explores the degradation mechanisms and metabolic network of microbial recognition and cleavage of the chemical bonds in lignin. Furthermore, this article discusses the advantages and prospects of biological approaches combined with physical or chemical approaches in enhancing the depolymerization efficiency of lignin and the yields of phenolic products. Finally, this article summarizes the challenges faced by the degradation of lignin in straw and makes an outlook on the future research directions.