系统代谢工程改造微生物合成l-色氨酸及其衍生物的研究进展

Advances in system metabolic engineering for microbial biosynthesis of l-tryptophan and its derivatives

摘要:

近年来，代谢工程与合成生物学领域的突破性进展，使得通过微生物细胞工厂从可再生原料生产高附加值化合物成为可能。l-色氨酸衍生物是由l-色氨酸衍生出的一类具有高附加值的芳香族化合物，如5-羟色氨酸、血清素、褪黑素、吲哚-3-乙酸及紫色杆菌素等，广泛应用于化工、食品及制药行业。通过系统代谢工程重构微生物中人工合成途径、改造l-色氨酸合成途径等可实现l-色氨酸衍生物的高效积累。同时能避免化学合成法或直接提取法等带来的环境危害及产物提取效率低等困难。本文综述了l-色氨酸及其典型衍生物的特性、应用及具体生物合成途径，着重阐述了微生物生产l-色氨酸及其衍生物的最新研究进展及相应的系统代谢工程策略，以期对未来微生物细胞工厂合成l-色氨酸及其衍生物的生物合成提供一定的理论指导。

Abstract:

In recent years, breakthrough advancements in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have enabled the production of high-value compounds from renewable feedstocks by microbial cell factories. l-tryptophan derivatives, a class of high-value aromatic compounds derived from l-tryptophan, such as 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, indole-3-acetic acid, and violacein, are widely used in the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The efficient accumulation of l-tryptophan derivatives can be achieved by reconstructing artificial biosynthetic pathways and modifying the l-tryptophan synthesis pathway within microbes through system metabolic engineering. This approach simultaneously avoids the environmental hazards associated with chemical synthesis or direct extraction methods, as well as low product extraction efficiency. This review summarizes the characteristics, applications, and specific biosynthetic pathways of l-tryptophan and its typical derivatives. It particularly focuses on the latest research progress and corresponding system metabolic engineering strategies for microbial production of l-tryptophan and its derivatives, aiming to provide research insights for the future biosynthesis of these compounds by microbial cell factories.