类芽孢杆菌非核糖体肽相关抑菌次级代谢产物研究进展

Research progress in antimicrobial nonribosomal peptides synthesized by Paenibacillus species

摘要:

类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus spp.)能产生多种抗菌次级代谢产物，特别是非核糖体途径合成的次级代谢产物，如脂肽、聚酮、非核糖体肽-聚酮杂合物，以及挥发性有机化合物等。本文在简介非核糖体多肽合成酶系及非核糖体肽合酶-聚酮合酶系的基础上，重点介绍了类芽孢杆菌产生的脂肽及多肽-聚酮类抗菌物质，包括多黏菌素家族、八肽素家族、多肽菌素家族、杀镰孢菌素家族、十三肽素家族、paenimacrolidins家族、paenilamicins家族的化学结构、同系物组成、抑菌谱、合成基因簇组成及基因模块化结构域等方面的研究进展，并综述了类芽孢杆菌非核糖体途径合成次级代谢产物在农业、医疗、饲料中的应用，最后展望了基因组信息在次级代谢产物基因簇挖掘及产物预测中的作用，为进一步发现、挖掘及利用类芽孢杆菌抗菌次级代谢产物提供参考。

Abstract:

Paenibacillus spp. can produce a variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, especially those (such as lipopeptides, polyketides, peptide-polyketide hybrids, and volatile organic compounds) produced through the non-ribosomal pathway. This paper provides an overview on both biosynthetic mechanisms of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and peptide-polyketide hybrid synthetases, with a focus on the antimicrobial compounds lipopeptides and nonribosomal peptide-polyketide produced by Paenibacillus spp. It highlights recent research progress in the chemical structures, congener composition, antimicrobial spectra, biosynthetic gene clusters, and modular domain architectures of antimicrobial compounds including polymyxins, octapeptins, polypeptins, fusaricidins, tridecaptins, paenimacrolidins, and paenilamicins. In addition, this review summarizes the applications of nonribosomal peptides produced by Paenibacillus in agriculture, medicine, and animal feed. Finally, this paper makes an outlook on the role of genomic information in the mining of biosynthetic gene clusters and the prediction of metabolites, providing references for further discovery, exploration, and utilization of antimicrobial secondary metabolites from Paenibacillus spp.