医学微生物学学科发展报告

Report on advances in Medical Microbiology

摘要:

医学微生物学专注研究病原微生物的生物学特性、致病机制、人体抗感染免疫机制，以及感染性疾病的病原学诊断和防治措施。医学微生物学学科在知识层面已经从形态学发展到分子微生物学、微生物组学、微生物系统生物学和反向病原学，应用层面则包括基因工程技术、微生物学基因操作和微生物合成生物学等。本文综述了医学微生物学在生物学性状、致病性和免疫性、临床病原学诊断、预防和治疗方面新的重要进展。应重新认识微生物与人类健康的关系和微生物自身、关注微生物组学数据和知识体系重塑，以及提升大众对微生物的认知，这为医学微生物学的未来发展指明了方向。

Abstract:

Medical microbiology focuses on the biological characteristics and pathogenesis of pathogenic microorganisms, mechanisms of human immune responses to infections, and pathogen diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases. This discipline has evolved from morphology to molecular microbiology, microbiomics, microbial systems biology, and reverse microbial etiology at the knowledge level, while at the application level it encompasses genetic engineering, microbial gene manipulation, and microbial synthetic biology. This article reviews the recent advances in medical microbiology in terms of biological characteristics, pathogenicity, immunity, clinical pathogen diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. We should re-examine the relationship between microorganisms and human health, as well as microorganisms themselves, pay attention to microbiome data and knowledge system reshaping, and enhance public awareness of microorganisms. This review provides directions for the future development of medical microbiology.