肺炎克雷伯氏菌噬菌体解聚酶的研究进展

Advances in bacteriophage depolymerases targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae

摘要:

肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)作为重要的临床致病菌，可引发多种严重的感染性疾病。近年来，高毒力多重耐药肺炎克雷伯氏菌的全球性传播给临床治疗带来极大挑战，对公共卫生安全构成严重威胁。值得关注的是，肺炎克雷伯氏菌噬菌体编码的解聚酶因其特异性降解细菌多糖的独特机制，相较于传统噬菌体疗法具有规避宿主免疫识别风险、降低基因水平转移概率及提升药代动力学特性等多重优势，现已成为应对超级耐药菌感染的创新性治疗策略研发核心方向。本文对现有解聚酶的结构与功能特性进行了系统梳理，探讨了噬菌体解聚酶作为多重耐药肺炎克雷伯氏菌感染替代治疗策略的应用潜力，并进一步展望了肺炎克雷伯氏菌噬菌体解聚酶的未来应用方向与改造策略。

Abstract:

Klebsiella pneumoniae, a major clinical pathogen, can cause various severe infectious diseases. In recent years, the emergence of multidrug-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae strains has posed substantial challenges to clinical treatment and has become a serious threat to global public health. Depolymerases encoded by K. pneumoniae phages, through their unique mechanism of specifically degrading bacterial capsular polysaccharides, offer multiple advantages over conventional phage therapy. These advantages include evading host immune recognition, reducing the probability of horizontal gene transfer, and enhancing pharmacokinetic properties. Accordingly, bacteriophage depolymerases have now become a core direction for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. This article comprehensively summarizes the structural and functional characteristics of existing depolymerases, assesses their potential as alternative therapeutic strategies against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections, and explores the future application directions and modification strategies for K. pneumoniae phage depolymerases.